Guides

Plain-English explanations of the concepts behind the tools — file formats, privacy, compression and encoding — written to be accurate, not just search-friendly.

Images

JPEG vs PNG vs WebP: which image format should you use?

How lossy and lossless compression actually work, when each format wins, and a practical decision table for photos, screenshots and logos.

5 min read

Privacy

What your photos reveal: EXIF metadata explained

Every photo carries hidden metadata — often including precise GPS coordinates. What EXIF stores, which platforms strip it, and when you should keep it.

5 min read

Security

How password strength actually works: entropy, not complexity theater

Why length beats symbol rules, what entropy bits really measure, how fast offline cracking is, and why a unique password per site matters more than a strong one.

5 min read

Media

Video compression explained: codecs, CRF and why files are huge

How H.264 shrinks video with inter-frame prediction, what CRF actually controls, why GIFs are enormous, and when trimming needs no re-encoding at all.

5 min read

PDF

Inside a PDF: pages, objects and what your document really contains

PDFs are not pictures of pages — they are graphs of numbered objects. Understanding that structure explains why merging is easy, editing is hard, and metadata can leak more than you think.

6 min read

Everyday tech

How QR codes work (and how to make one that scans reliably)

Modules, versions, Reed–Solomon error correction and quiet zones — what is actually inside a QR code, and the practical rules that decide whether yours scans first time or fails on a poster.

6 min read

Developer

JSON for humans: the format, the rules and the errors everyone hits

The entire JSON grammar fits in a paragraph, yet the same five mistakes break it everywhere. The rules, the real meaning of common parse errors, and the number-precision trap.

6 min read

Developer

Mojibake, Base64 and percent-encoding: how text really travels

Why é sometimes arrives as Ã©, what Base64 actually does (and does not do), and why spaces become %20 — the byte-level story of how text moves between systems.

6 min read